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Understanding Gestational Diabetes: A Doula’s Perspective

Hello, fellow doulas! Today, we delve into a topic that is a regular within our practice; supporting clients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetes is a common condition that can develop during pregnancy, impacting both mother and baby. As doulas, it's essential to understand GDM and how best to support our clients through this diagnosis. Drawing on evidence-based research and guidelines from sources such as Evidence Based Birth, Dr Sara Wickham and at times NHS guidelines.

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, usually between the 24th and 28th weeks. It is characterised by high blood glucose levels that the body cannot adequately manage because it is unable to produce enough insulin to meet the extra needs of the pregnancy. If untreated, it can lead to complications for both the mother and baby. GDM affects up to 10% of pregnancies. Understanding the basics of GDM is crucial for providing effective, informed and compassionate support.

Recognising the Risk Factors

Being aware of the risk factors for GDM, as identified by the NHS can be useful:

  • Age: Women over 25 are at increased risk.
  • Weight: Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor.
  • Family History: A family history of diabetes can increase the likelihood of developing GDM.
  • Previous Pregnancy: A history of GDM in a previous pregnancy raises the risk.

 

It’s worth remembering that these risk factors are wide and in the majority of cases where risk factors occur the woman will still not experience GDM. Despite this, your client may still experience healthcare professionals pushing GDM screening. Doula’s often find themselves supporting clients to decline screening.

Screening and Diagnosis

Clients at risk will undergo a glucose tolerance test (GTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. This involves fasting overnight, consuming a glucose solution, and having blood tests at intervals to measure how the body processes sugar.

How Doulas Can Support Clients with GDM

1. Providing Evidence-Based Information

As doulas, our clients rely on us for accurate, up-to-date information. Familiarise yourself with NHS guidelines and also NICE guidelines, as well as the work of people like Dr Sara Wickham. AIMS have a really useful book about Gestational Diabetes, which can be helpful to signpost clients to. 

2. Encouraging a Balanced Diet

Diet is a cornerstone of managing GDM. Advise your clients to focus on:

  • Whole Grains: Such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats.
  • Lean Proteins: Including poultry, fish, and legumes.
  • Fruits and Vegetables: A variety of these should be included in their diet.

Provide resources such as meal planning guides or connect them with a registered dietitian.

3. Promoting Regular Exercise

Physical activity can help control blood sugar levels. Encourage clients to engage in safe, regular exercise like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga. Tailor recommendations to their fitness levels and preferences or even join them for physical activity as part of your antenatal package.

4. Emotional and Psychological Support

A diagnosis of GDM can be stressful. Be a source of emotional support. Listen to their concerns, validate their feelings, and provide reassurance. Help them understand that with proper management, they can have a healthy pregnancy.

5. Preparing for Birth

Discuss the potential implications of GDM for their birth plan. A diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes will undoubtedly lead to pressure for your client to consider interventions such as induction or caesarean section. Help your clients prepare by discussing their options and preferences and reminding them that guidelines are just that… guidelines. They are in control of all decisions made in relation to their body and baby.

Insights from Dr. Sara Wickham (one of our favourites)

Dr. Sara Wickham, a respected midwife and author, offers valuable perspectives on managing GDM. In her book, "Gestational Diabetes: What Every Pregnant Woman Needs to Know," she emphasises the importance of individualised care.

Every woman’s body is different, and so is her pregnancy. It’s crucial that we look beyond the numbers and consider the whole person,” says Dr. Wickham.

She advocates for informed decision-making and personalised care plans.

Final Thoughts

Supporting clients with gestational diabetes is a multi-faceted task that requires a blend of knowledge, empathy, and practical advice. By staying informed and providing comprehensive support, you can help your clients navigate this challenging aspect of their pregnancy with confidence and grace. 

Remember, your role as a doula is invaluable. Your support can make a significant difference in your clients’ pregnancy journey and is often the difference between a woman receiving individualised care or being swept along blindly directed by NHS guidelines only. Continue to empower and educate, ensuring every client feels supported and understood.

References

References:

  • NHS. (2024). Gestational Diabetes. Retrieved from NHS
  • Wickham, S. (2018). Gestational Diabetes: What Every Pregnant Woman Needs to Know. Pinter & Martin Ltd.
  • Website Evidence Based Birth®

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